Why Your Roof Leaks

By 138 Construction

Introduction

There are few things more concerning as a homeowner than a roof leak. A leaking roof can cause extensive damage if not addressed promptly, leading to costly repairs. At 138 Construction, we’ve seen and repaired all kinds of roof leaks, and we’re here to help you understand the most common causes and their solutions.

1. Roof Age

Why it Happens

Roofs naturally deteriorate over time due to constant exposure to the elements. The rate of degradation depends on the roofing material, climate, and maintenance history. Asphalt shingles become brittle and lose their protective granules, while metal roofs may corrode or develop structural weaknesses. Wood shingles can rot due to moisture exposure, and tile roofs may crack or break.

Signs of Aging Roofs

• Curling or cracked shingles

• Granule loss on asphalt shingles

• Rust or corrosion on metal roofs

• Soft or rotting wood shingles

• Frequent leaks or water stains on ceilings

Solution

• Conduct thorough roof inspections twice a year to assess wear and tear.

• Replace missing or damaged shingles promptly to prevent further deterioration.

• If the roof has reached or exceeded its lifespan (typically 20-30 years for asphalt shingles, 40-70 years for metal, and 50+ years for tile), consider a full replacement.

• Hire a professional to perform a detailed inspection and determine if repairs can extend the roof’s life or if replacement is necessary.

2. Missing Shingles

Why it Happens

Shingles can go missing due to severe weather conditions, such as high winds, heavy rain, or hailstorms. Additionally, improper installation or aging adhesives may lead to shingle detachment. Missing shingles leave the underlayment and roof decking exposed to moisture, leading to leaks and potential structural damage.

Consequences of Missing Shingles

• Increased risk of water penetration and leaks

• Accelerated deterioration of the underlayment

• Higher energy bills due to compromised insulation

Solution

• Conduct regular roof inspections, especially after storms, to identify and replace missing shingles.

• Ensure proper installation using high-quality adhesives and correct nailing techniques.

• If multiple shingles are missing or damaged, consider re-roofing to maintain structural integrity.

3. Metal Roofs: Underdriven/Overdriven Screws

Why it Happens

Metal roofs rely on screws with rubber washers to create a watertight seal. However, installation errors, such as underdriven or overdriven screws, can compromise this seal. Underdriven screws leave gaps that allow water infiltration, while overdriven screws can crush the rubber washers, leading to premature failure.

Signs of Improper Screw Installation

• Visible gaps around screws

• Cracked or deteriorating rubber washers

• Water stains or dripping inside the structure

Solution

• Inspect screws regularly to ensure they are properly driven without excessive pressure.

• Replace any damaged screws and washers with high-quality, weather-resistant alternatives.

• If screw-related leaks are widespread, consider resealing or replacing sections of the metal roof with the help of a professional contractor.

4. Improperly Sealed Valleys

Why it Happens

A roof valley (the point where two sloped roofs meet) is designed to help water flow off of the roof. If the valley isn’t properly sealed, it becomes a vulnerable point for water leaks. Poor installation, worn-out sealant, or damage from debris can all contribute to valley leaks.

Solution

• Ensure valleys are properly flashed and sealed during installation.

• Regularly inspect roof valleys for signs of wear or improper sealing.

• Remove debris to prevent water buildup that can cause leaks.

5. Ice Damming

Why it Happens

During winter, ice dams can form along roof edges, preventing proper drainage. This forces melting snow to back up under shingles, leading to water leaks into your home.

Solution

• Improve attic insulation and ventilation to minimize heat buildup that causes ice dams.

• Install ice and water shield along eaves and valleys for additional protection.

• Use a roof rake to remove excess snow and prevent ice dam formation.

6. Chimney Leaks

Why it Happens

Chimney leaks occur due to deteriorated flashing, masonry cracks, or a missing chimney cap. Water can infiltrate through these weak points, leading to moisture damage inside the home.

Solution

• Reflash the chimney base to ensure a secure seal.

• Apply masonry water repellent to prevent moisture absorption.

• Install or replace the chimney cap to block rainwater entry.

7. Clogged Gutters and Downspouts

Why it Happens

Gutters and downspouts are designed to direct water away from the roof and foundation. When clogged with leaves, debris, or ice, water can overflow, seep under shingles, and cause leaks.

Solution

• Clean gutters and downspouts regularly to ensure proper drainage.

• Install gutter guards to reduce debris buildup.

• Ensure downspouts direct water at least five feet away from the foundation.

8. Skylight Leaks

Why it Happens

Skylights add natural light but can become a source of leaks due to improper installation, flashing failure, or worn-out seals. If flashing isn’t correctly sealed, water can seep in around the skylight frame.

Solution

• Check for gaps in the flashing and apply roofing sealant as needed.

• Replace cracked or aged seals to prevent leaks.

• Ensure proper installation using manufacturer-recommended flashing and waterproofing techniques.

9. Poor Roof Ventilation

Why it Happens

Proper roof ventilation allows hot air and moisture to escape. Poor ventilation causes condensation buildup, which weakens roofing materials and leads to leaks over time.

Solution

• Ensure your attic has proper intake and exhaust vents to allow airflow.

• Install ridge vents or soffit vents to improve air circulation.

• Insulate your attic properly to prevent excess heat and moisture buildup.

10. Faulty Roof Flashing

Why it Happens

Flashing is metal installed around roof penetrations (such as chimneys, vents, and valleys) to prevent water seepage. Over time, flashing can become loose, corroded, or improperly installed, leading to leaks.

Solution

• Inspect flashing regularly for signs of rust, detachment, or cracks.

• Secure loose flashing with roofing nails and seal gaps with roofing cement.

• Replace corroded or damaged flashing with new metal to maintain a watertight seal.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

General Roofing FAQs

1. How long does a roof last?

• The lifespan depends on the material. Asphalt shingles last 20-30 years, while metal and tile roofs can last 50+ years with proper maintenance.

2. What is the best time of year to replace a roof?

• Spring and fall offer the best weather conditions, though professional roofers can install roofs year-round.

3. How do I know if my roof needs replacement?

• Signs include missing shingles, leaks, granule loss, and sagging areas.

4. Can I install a new roof over my old one?

• It depends on local codes and the existing roof’s condition. A professional inspection can determine the best approach.

138 Construction FAQs

1. Who is 138 Construction?

• We are a trusted general contracting and roofing company specializing in high-quality residential and commercial roofing services.

2. How can I get a quote?

• Contact us via our website at 138construction.com or call 907-513-1378.

Conclusion

A leaking roof can cause major issues if left unchecked, but knowing the common causes can help you take action before damage occurs. Whether you need a quick repair or a full roof replacement, 138 Construction is here to help. Contact us today for expert roofing solutions!